Read The Raft Book Summary: Key Takeaways & More


Read The Raft Book Summary: Key Takeaways & More

A concise overview of a literary work titled “The Raft” distills its narrative elements into a more easily digestible format. This condensed version encapsulates the plot, central characters, and overarching themes present in the original text, offering readers a rapid understanding of the story’s essence. For instance, a condensed rendition would highlight the circumstances leading to the characters’ predicament on the titular vessel, their struggles for survival, and the thematic exploration of human nature under duress.

Such a condensed version provides several benefits. It allows individuals to quickly grasp the core ideas of the narrative, saving time while still gaining exposure to the story’s fundamental concepts. This is particularly useful for students, book clubs, or anyone seeking a broad understanding of the work without dedicating time to reading the entire novel. Historically, literary summaries have served as accessible entry points to complex narratives, fostering wider engagement with literature and facilitating critical discussions.

Therefore, further analysis will delve into the specific narrative elements typically included in these summaries, the methodologies employed in their creation, and their value as tools for literary comprehension and critical analysis. Understanding the components and applications of these summaries provides a valuable framework for engaging with the story on a deeper level.

1. Survival Circumstances

The essence of a narrative featuring characters adrift hinges intrinsically upon the initial conditions that precipitate their predicament. In the context of a concise version of the story, these circumstances are not mere backdrop; they are the inciting incident, the catalyst that sets the entire chain of events into motion. A poorly constructed condensed version risks losing the critical motivations and constraints that drive the characters’ actions and decisions. For example, if the characters found themselves stranded due to a catastrophic storm, the summary must convey the storms intensity and unexpectedness. This detail shapes the reader’s understanding of the characters’ initial shock and desperation, which subsequently dictates their resourcefulness and interactions as they struggle to survive. The “why” of their ordeal becomes inextricably linked to the “how” of their survival attempts.

Consider a scenario where the protagonists are marooned following a shipwreck. The detail included in the summary concerning the shipwrecks cause whether due to navigational error, mechanical failure, or an act of aggression significantly alters the readers interpretation of the events that unfold. A navigational error might elicit a sense of tragic inevitability, whereas sabotage introduces elements of conspiracy and betrayal, influencing the perceived morality and motivations of the survivors. Furthermore, the immediate aftermath of the event, depicted in the summary, showcases initial resource availability, skill sets possessed by the survivors, and their psychological states, setting the stage for subsequent challenges and alliances. These elements act as narrative building blocks within the distilled narrative.

Ultimately, the effectiveness of a narrative overview in conveying the core story depends heavily on its precise portrayal of the survival circumstances. These conditions are not merely contextual details but rather fundamental elements that shape the reader’s understanding of character motivation, plot progression, and thematic resonance. Therefore, emphasis on these crucial initiating events remains paramount to an effective and engaging encapsulation of the complete narrative. The summary’s accuracy in reflecting the severity, causes, and immediate aftermath of the ordeal directly affects its ability to resonate with an audience and accurately represent the narrative as a whole.

2. Character Relationships

Within the confines of “the raft book summary,” character relationships serve as the narrative’s vital current. A condensed version lacking a clear depiction of these connections risks presenting a hollow, disconnected sequence of events. The interactions, alliances, and conflicts between individuals adrift form the emotional and dramatic core of the story, influencing survival strategies and revealing the depths of human nature under pressure. The summary must, therefore, capture these relational dynamics to faithfully represent the complete narrative.

  • Alliances Born of Necessity

    Survival on a raft necessitates cooperation, even between disparate individuals. The summary should illuminate the pragmatic nature of these alliances, highlighting instances where characters with conflicting personalities or backgrounds must set aside their differences for the common good. For example, a summary might depict a skilled navigator reluctantly relying on the physical strength of a former rival to secure vital resources. Such alliances, formed under duress, reveal the capacity for compromise and selflessness amidst extreme adversity, forming a counterpoint to potential conflicts.

  • Conflicts as Catalysts

    Conversely, disagreements and power struggles are inevitable within a confined space. The summary needs to outline the nature of these conflicts, illustrating how they shape the group’s dynamics and impact their chances of survival. A dispute over dwindling supplies, for instance, can expose deep-seated resentments and lead to factionalism, potentially undermining the group’s overall resilience. These clashes, while destructive, often serve as catalysts for character development and force individuals to confront their own limitations and biases.

  • The Role of Leadership

    The emergence of a leader, whether formal or informal, is a crucial aspect of the group dynamic. The summary should explore the leader’s qualities, their methods of decision-making, and the extent to which their authority is accepted or challenged. A decisive leader might inspire confidence and maintain order, while an ineffective one can exacerbate existing tensions and contribute to a sense of despair. The summary’s portrayal of leadership reflects the broader themes of responsibility, authority, and the human need for structure in chaotic circumstances.

  • Emotional Bonds and Loss

    Despite the harsh conditions, emotional bonds can form between individuals sharing a life-or-death experience. The summary must acknowledge the development of these connections, highlighting moments of empathy, compassion, and mutual support. Conversely, the loss of a member of the group can have a profound impact, triggering grief, guilt, and a renewed sense of vulnerability. These emotional dimensions add depth and humanity to the narrative, underscoring the enduring power of human connection even in the face of overwhelming odds.

Ultimately, a faithful representation of a narrative hinges on its portrayal of character relationships. These interactions are not merely decorative elements but are instead the engine that drives the plot, shapes the characters, and explores the profound complexities of human behavior. A well-crafted overview must capture these dynamics to convey the story’s true essence and resonant impact.

3. Thematic Exploration

The heart of any compelling narrative lies not merely in its plot, but in the underlying themes it explores. In the context of “the raft book summary”, capturing these thematic undercurrents is paramount. A distilled account that neglects the profound messages embedded within the story risks offering a superficial, ultimately unsatisfying experience. The following points illustrate the crucial role of thematic exploration in shaping a meaningful summary.

  • Human Resilience in the Face of Adversity

    Stories of survival often serve as testaments to the indomitable human spirit. The thematic exploration must highlight instances of courage, resourcefulness, and perseverance exhibited by characters facing seemingly insurmountable challenges. The summary, therefore, would need to showcase instances where individuals rise above their fear, discover hidden strengths, and maintain hope in the bleakest of circumstances. These moments, carefully chosen and articulated, elevate the summary beyond a mere recounting of events, transforming it into an inspiring exploration of the human capacity for endurance. This is not just about surviving; its about how one survives.

  • The Fragility of Civilization

    When societal structures crumble and individuals are stripped bare of their conventional roles, the true nature of human behavior emerges. The thematic exploration must consider how the narrative depicts the disintegration of social norms, the rise of primal instincts, and the struggle to maintain morality in a lawless environment. The summary might highlight conflicts arising from competing desires for power, the erosion of trust, or the emergence of both altruistic and selfish actions. This aspect of thematic investigation reveals profound truths about the delicate balance between order and chaos, and the essential need for ethical frameworks to guide human interactions.

  • The Power of Nature and Human Connection

    A narrative often positions the natural world as both a hostile force and a source of solace. The thematic exploration must consider how the characters interact with their environment, both physically and spiritually. The summary should highlight instances where characters find beauty and inspiration in their surroundings, even amidst suffering, or how the power of nature forces them to confront their own limitations and mortality. Simultaneously, it should explore how human connection offers support, comfort, and a renewed sense of purpose. In essence, it balances the harsh realities of nature with the sustaining power of human relationships.

  • Redemption and Second Chances

    Survival stories frequently offer characters the opportunity for profound personal transformation. The thematic exploration must consider how individuals confront past mistakes, learn from their experiences, and seek redemption. The summary might highlight instances where characters make amends for past wrongs, embrace new values, or discover a renewed sense of self-worth. This thematic arc allows readers to connect with the characters on a deeper level and to contemplate the potential for personal growth, even in the face of overwhelming adversity. Its a reminder that even in the depths of despair, the possibility of renewal remains.

In conclusion, the thematic exploration within “the raft book summary” transforms a simple recounting of events into a profound meditation on the human condition. By carefully selecting and articulating these core themes, the distilled account captures the essence of the original narrative and resonates with readers long after they have finished reading. These thematic threads, woven throughout the summary, provide a rich tapestry of meaning and purpose, rendering the story not merely a tale of survival, but a testament to the enduring power of the human spirit.

4. Plot condensation

The creation of “the raft book summary” stands as a delicate exercise in literary distillation. The narrative’s essence, its unfolding sequence of events and revelations, must be carefully reduced without sacrificing the integrity of the whole. This process, termed “plot condensation,” represents both an art and a necessity. The effectiveness of the summary hinges upon the author’s ability to surgically remove extraneous details, preserving only the pivotal moments that drive the narrative forward. The cause is the need for brevity; the effect, a succinct yet representative overview of the original work.

Consider the initial predicament that places characters upon the makeshift vessel. A detailed account might elaborate on the specific makes and models of the ill-fated ships involved in a collision, or describe in minute detail the pre-voyage lives of each passenger. A successful plot condensation would instead focus on the essential fact of the collision itself, emphasizing the sudden disruption and the immediate struggle for survival. Similarly, the summary need not dwell on every minor skirmish between characters; rather, it should highlight those conflicts that significantly alter the group’s dynamics or influence their ultimate fate. The practical application lies in providing the reader with a clear understanding of the story’s trajectory, allowing for informed decision-making about whether to engage with the full text.

The challenge in plot condensation resides in discerning which elements are truly essential. To omit a seemingly minor detail could inadvertently obscure a crucial thematic element or diminish the impact of a later event. Yet, excessive detail renders the summary unwieldy and defeats its purpose. The art lies in finding the equilibrium, in crafting a narrative skeleton that accurately reflects the contours of the original story. Thus, plot condensation forms the backbone of the summary, shaping the reader’s comprehension and guiding their engagement with the narrative’s core themes. Without it, a summary risks becoming either an incomprehensible jumble or a bloated recapitulation, failing to serve as an effective entry point to the original literary work.

5. Narrative Arc

The creation of a cohesive “the raft book summary” is inextricably linked to the narrative arc, the fundamental blueprint of storytelling. The narrative arc dictates the pacing, the rising tension, the climax, and the resolution. The summary must faithfully mirror this structure to provide an accurate representation of the complete work. Should the condensed version truncate the arc, the story loses its resonance; should it misrepresent the progression, the reader gains a distorted view. The cause is the inherent structure of narrative itself; the effect, the reader’s comprehension and engagement.

Consider the initial exposition: A well-crafted synopsis establishes the setting, introduces the central characters, and hints at the conflict to come. Neglecting this foundation renders the subsequent events rootless and incomprehensible. The rising action, where tensions escalate and challenges mount, provides the impetus for character development and plot advancement. The summary should selectively highlight key moments of crisis and decision-making, showcasing the characters’ resilience, desperation, or moral compromises. The climax, the peak of tension, must be accurately portrayed. Whether it involves a confrontation with a natural threat, a betrayal within the group, or a moment of profound self-realization, the summary must capture the essence of this turning point. And finally, the resolution, which provides closure and meaning, brings the narrative to a satisfying conclusion. Whether it involves rescue, the establishment of a new social order, or acceptance of loss, the summary must convey the ultimate fate of the characters and the lessons learned from their ordeal. Without adhering to this structure, the summary risks becoming a disjointed series of events, failing to capture the emotional and thematic depth of the original narrative.

The narrative arc is not merely a structural element but the very lifeblood of a story. A summary that fails to respect its contours offers a lifeless husk, devoid of the tension, emotionality, and thematic richness that define the complete work. Understanding the intimate connection between the arc and the summary is crucial for both writers and readers. Writers must prioritize the narrative’s structural integrity; readers must appreciate how the condensed version reflects the underlying architecture. Only then can “the raft book summary” serve as a valuable guide, providing insight into the heart of the story without requiring a complete voyage.

6. Critical reception

A literary work sets sail into the world, not as a solitary vessel, but as part of a larger fleet. This fleet comprises the voices of critics, scholars, and readers, their collective judgment shaping its legacy. “The raft book summary,” in turn, cannot exist in a vacuum, divorced from this critical chorus. Its creation is inherently influenced by the prevailing interpretations and evaluations of the original work. A summary aiming for accuracy must acknowledge, either explicitly or implicitly, the significant points of contention and praise surrounding the narrative. Ignoring critical reception risks presenting a skewed or incomplete picture, one that fails to capture the work’s true impact and significance. For example, if critical analyses consistently point to the novel’s exploration of existential themes, the summary should reflect this interpretation. Likewise, if the book faced criticism for its pacing or character development, the summary should subtly acknowledge these shortcomings, even if only through a careful selection of details. The practical result is a balanced representation of the narrative and its place within the broader literary landscape.

Consider a hypothetical scenario: A story centered around castaways is lauded for its poignant portrayal of human resilience, but simultaneously criticized for its unrealistic depiction of survival techniques. A summary that solely focuses on the heroic aspects of survival, omitting any mention of the criticisms leveled against its plausibility, paints an idealized, potentially misleading picture. Conversely, a summary that overly emphasizes the negative reviews might deter potential readers from engaging with a work that, despite its flaws, offers valuable insights into the human spirit. Striking a balance is essential. One approach involves subtly incorporating counterarguments into the summary. For instance, the summary might acknowledge the characters’ seemingly improbable feats of endurance while noting that critics have questioned the accuracy of these portrayals. This approach acknowledges the complexities of critical reception and allows the reader to form their own informed judgment about the work’s merits and limitations. It provides context, depth, and intellectual honesty.

In conclusion, critical reception serves as an essential compass guiding the creation of “the raft book summary.” It provides context, depth, and intellectual honesty, transforming the summary from a mere recounting of events into a nuanced interpretation of the work’s significance. The challenge lies in integrating these critical perspectives without overwhelming the summary or imposing a singular viewpoint. The ultimate goal is to offer a balanced and informative overview, one that reflects the complexities of the narrative and its reception in the wider world. Understanding and incorporating this facet elevates the summary from a simplistic digest to a valuable critical tool.

7. Symbolic elements

Symbolism, a language spoken in whispers beneath the surface of narrative, enriches stories with layers of meaning often missed in a cursory glance. In the realm of “the raft book summary,” these symbolic elements take on paramount importance. A summary, by its nature, condenses and streamlines; the risk of losing these subtle, yet significant, threads is ever-present. A faithful summary must, therefore, act as a careful interpreter, identifying and conveying these symbols to unlock the story’s deeper resonance.

  • The Raft as Isolation

    The raft itself, often the titular element, transcends its physical form. It embodies isolation, a microcosm adrift in a vast and indifferent world. It mirrors the characters’ emotional detachment, their severance from societal norms, and their forced introspection. To omit or downplay the raft’s symbolic weight is to disregard a central theme of alienation. A summary might convey this by highlighting moments where characters gaze at the endless horizon, or where the smallness of their vessel accentuates their vulnerability. Such details, carefully selected, unlock the raft’s deeper significance.

  • Water as Uncertainty

    The surrounding water, a constant presence, symbolizes uncertainty and the unpredictable nature of existence. It represents both sustenance and threat, offering the possibility of rescue while simultaneously posing the danger of drowning or dehydration. A faithful summary should subtly convey this duality. Perhaps by noting the shifting moods of the sea or highlighting the precariousness of their water supply, it can evoke the underlying sense of unease and the characters’ constant struggle against the unknown. The symbolic power of water resides in its capacity to both nurture and destroy.

  • The Setting Sun as Ephemeral Hope

    The setting sun, a recurring motif in many such narratives, often embodies the fleeting nature of hope and the passage of time. Each sunset marks another day survived, but also serves as a stark reminder of dwindling resources and the ever-present threat of despair. A summary mindful of symbolism should include descriptions of the sun’s descent, emphasizing its fiery beauty juxtaposed with the encroaching darkness. The setting sun serves not merely as a marker of time but as a powerful symbol of mortality and the delicate balance between hope and resignation.

  • Shared Provisions as Cooperation or Conflict

    The dwindling provisions onboard the raft represent more than just sustenance; they symbolize the fragile bonds of cooperation and the potential for conflict. The way characters ration and share resources reveals their underlying values and the strength of their collective will. A summary might highlight moments of generosity or selfishness, showcasing how the distribution of supplies impacts the group’s dynamics. These actions, often driven by primal instincts, expose the characters’ true nature and illuminate the thematic tensions between altruism and self-preservation.

These symbolic elements, interwoven throughout the narrative, elevate the story beyond a simple tale of survival. They speak to the deeper truths of human nature, the fragility of civilization, and the enduring power of hope. “The raft book summary,” when crafted with an awareness of these symbols, becomes more than just a condensed version of the plot; it becomes a key, unlocking the story’s profound and lasting meaning.

8. Authorial intent

The compass guiding readers through the condensed waters of a literary summary bears a crucial inscription: authorial intent. The purpose a writer imbues within a narrative shapes its events, characters, and themes. A distillation of the work must, therefore, strive to echo this original purpose, ensuring the essence remains untainted even in its abbreviated form. To ignore this is to risk misrepresenting the heart of the story. The aim is to capture what the author sought to convey, not merely what the story depicts on the surface.

  • Narrative Perspective as Filter

    The viewpoint chosen by a writer acts as a lens, selectively focusing on certain aspects of the story while obscuring others. A first-person narrative emphasizes the subjective experience of a single character, while a third-person omniscient perspective offers a broader, more objective view. A successful summary needs to mirror this chosen vantage point, maintaining the original narrative distance and filtering information accordingly. For example, if a character reveals their internal struggles through stream-of-consciousness, the summary needs to hint at this complexity, even if it cannot replicate it in full. The challenge is not to rewrite the story but to reflect its distinct perspective.

  • Genre Conventions as Guideposts

    Each genre carries its own set of expectations and conventions, shaping the narrative’s tone, pacing, and themes. A suspense thriller, for example, prioritizes suspense and plot twists, while a character-driven drama focuses on the emotional journeys of its protagonists. A summary should honor these genre conventions, highlighting elements that define the story’s identity. If a survival narrative employs tropes typical of the genrethe resourcefulness of the human spirit, the brutality of naturethe summary should emphasize these aspects. Recognizing and adhering to genre guideposts ensures the summary remains true to the author’s chosen framework.

  • Recurring Motifs as Echoes of Meaning

    Writers often employ recurring motifsimages, symbols, or phrasesto reinforce key themes and ideas. These motifs act as subtle echoes, resonating throughout the narrative and adding layers of meaning. A diligent summary seeks to identify and highlight these recurring elements, showing how they contribute to the overall message. A recurring image of a stormy sea, for instance, might symbolize the characters’ inner turmoil or the unpredictable nature of life. By drawing attention to these patterns, the summary amplifies the author’s intended message.

  • Unresolved Ambiguities as Intentional Choice

    Sometimes, a writer deliberately leaves certain questions unanswered or ambiguities unresolved. These open endings force readers to engage actively with the text, prompting reflection and interpretation. A faithful summary resists the temptation to impose neat solutions or provide definitive answers. Instead, it should acknowledge these uncertainties, leaving the reader with the same lingering questions the author intended to provoke. Preserving these unresolved elements ensures that the summary captures the author’s intentional ambiguity, respecting the reader’s agency in interpreting the story’s meaning.

The journey towards crafting a truly insightful literary overview demands careful consideration of authorial intent. By navigating the narrative through the lenses of perspective, genre, motifs, and ambiguities, “the raft book summary” ceases to be merely a collection of plot points and becomes a reflection of the writer’s original vision. This understanding is pivotal, transforming a simple condensation into a doorway to understanding the depths of the original tale.

Frequently Asked Questions

The literary world, a vast and sometimes treacherous ocean, often demands swift navigation. The following questions address common inquiries regarding the creation and interpretation of condensed versions of literary works, particularly with respect to a narrative titled “The Raft.” These answers seek to illuminate the core principles of effective literary summarization, navigating the complexities of plot, theme, and authorial intent. These are the questions those seeking a quick understanding ponder.

Question 1: What distinguishes a summary from a mere plot synopsis?

A plot synopsis recounts events in chronological order, a basic skeleton devoid of flesh. A summary, conversely, breathes life into that skeleton. It highlights thematic concerns, delves into character motivations, and seeks to encapsulate the author’s underlying message. A synopsis tells what happened; a summary explains why it matters.

Question 2: How can a summary convey thematic depth within a limited scope?

Selective focus acts as the key. Instead of attempting to cover every thematic element, a summary should concentrate on the most pervasive and impactful ones. It achieves this through strategically chosen details, emphasizing moments that resonate with the overarching themes, and drawing connections between seemingly disparate events.

Question 3: What role does interpretation play in creating an accurate summary?

Interpretation is an unavoidable and necessary ingredient. A summary is not a purely objective rendering; it represents the summarizer’s understanding of the work. That understanding, while informed by critical analysis and textual evidence, inevitably involves subjective interpretation. The goal is not to eliminate interpretation, but to ensure it remains grounded in the author’s intent and the narrative’s inherent logic.

Question 4: Can a summary truly capture the emotional impact of a full-length narrative?

A summary cannot replicate the immersive experience of reading the complete work. However, it can evoke emotional resonance through carefully chosen language and vivid descriptions. By focusing on key moments of emotional intensity and conveying the characters’ inner struggles, a summary can offer a glimpse into the narrative’s emotional landscape.

Question 5: How does one avoid imposing personal biases when summarizing a literary work?

Awareness serves as the first line of defense. Recognizing one’s own preconceived notions and potential biases is crucial. A diligent summarizer relies on critical analysis, textual evidence, and a willingness to engage with diverse interpretations. Objectivity, while unattainable in its purest form, remains the guiding principle.

Question 6: What is the ultimate purpose of a literary summary?

A literary summary serves as a gateway, an invitation to explore the full richness of the original work. It provides a foundation of understanding, sparking curiosity and enabling readers to engage with the narrative on a deeper level. It is not a substitute for the full experience, but rather a catalyst for further exploration.

These answers offer a guide, a set of principles to navigate the art of literary condensation. “The Raft,” in its condensed form, should beckon readers to explore the deeper waters of its narrative.

Moving forward, considerations on the potential impact of these summaries on literary engagement will be examined.

Crafting a Compass

The creation of a concise rendition mirrors the trials of those adrift: it demands careful rationing, strategic decision-making, and an unwavering focus on survival. The following tips offer guidance for navigating this literary challenge, ensuring that the condensed version remains true to the spirit and essence of the original narrative.

Tip 1: Prioritize Essence Over Exhaustion A summary is not an exhaustive catalog. Its strength lies in capturing the heart of the story, not detailing every ripple in the narrative sea. Select pivotal moments, resonant themes, and essential characters, allowing the rest to fade into the background.

Tip 2: Embrace the Author’s Horizon Imagine the original author as a captain charting a course. The summary must respect that course, aligning with their intended message and avoiding deviations into uncharted waters. Study the narrative’s perspective, genre conventions, and recurring motifs as guiding stars.

Tip 3: Let the Narrative Arc Be Your Guide Every story, like the journey of a raft, has a beginning, a turbulent middle, and a destination. The summary should mirror this trajectory, preserving the rising action, the climactic storm, and the eventual resolution. A truncated or distorted arc leaves the reader adrift.

Tip 4: Symbols Whisper, Listen Closely Symbolism provides depth beyond surface level. Recognize the silent language and translate with precision: The raft as isolation, the sea as uncertainty. A summary that disregards symbolism is deaf to the story’s soul.

Tip 5: Character Bonds Anchor the Plot A group adrift is bound by threads of alliance and conflict. A summary should chart those connections, as they drive the plot and explore human nature under pressure. The erosion of trust, the birth of leadership, the enduring power of human connection must be highlighted.

Tip 6: Critical Currents Shape the Waters Engage with the wider literary discussion. Acknowledge the significant interpretations, points of praise, and criticisms that the original work has faced. It provides context, offers balance, and presents a nuanced perspective.

The aim to create concise distillation demands sacrifice, yet by following these strategies, the summary will serve as a valuable compass, guiding readers toward a genuine understanding. It shall illuminate the journey.

Further discussions on summarizing literary pieces will now be considered, delving into methods for maintaining integrity.

The Ephemeral Shoreline of Understanding

The preceding discourse has traversed the nuanced terrain of creating a concise version of a narrative, using “the raft book summary” as a focal point. It has considered the delicate balance between plot reduction and thematic preservation, the imperative of honoring authorial intent, and the influence of critical reception. The journey underscores that crafting a literary overview is not mere abridgment; it is an act of interpretation, a distillation of essence, and a guide for those seeking to navigate the vast oceans of literature.

Like survivors clinging to a fragile vessel, readers often seek a glimpse of the distant shore, a condensed understanding before committing to the full voyage. The power of well-crafted, concise version lies not merely in saving time, but in fostering engagement, sparking curiosity, and offering a pathway to deeper understanding. May this exploration serve as a lighthouse, guiding the creation of summaries that illuminate, inspire, and honor the stories they represent, ensuring that the spirit of the narrative survives the reduction. The waves of literary creation continue to surge, demanding that we understand, condense, and share the stories they carry.