These components facilitate smooth operation of retractable screens designed for garage door openings. Functionally, they enable the screen to move easily along a track, allowing for convenient deployment and retraction. A common example is a set of nylon wheels that guide the screen mesh within the framework of the garage door opening.
Their importance lies in ensuring effortless movement and preventing damage to the screen material. Well-maintained components contribute to the longevity of the screen system and improve the overall user experience. Historically, simpler designs using basic sliding mechanisms have evolved into more sophisticated systems incorporating durable materials and precision engineering for enhanced performance.
The subsequent discussion will delve into the types, materials, maintenance, and troubleshooting associated with these vital elements, providing a complete overview for optimal functionality and longevity.
1. Material Durability
The saga of garage door screens often begins with a simple aspiration: to invite fresh air while repelling insects. Yet, the narrative quickly pivots to a stark reality: the relentless assault of the elements. Within this battleground, the material durability of the rollers emerges as a pivotal factor. Consider, for instance, a coastal residence where salty air wages a constant war against metal components. Rollers fabricated from substandard materials, such as low-grade steel, succumb to corrosion within a single season. The result is a jarring screech with each screen movement, followed by eventual seizure, rendering the entire system unusable. This decline isn’t merely inconvenient; it represents a tangible cost in replacement parts and labor.
Contrast this with a scenario where the rollers are crafted from high-density polymers or stainless steel. These materials inherently resist the corrosive effects of salt, moisture, and ultraviolet radiation. A homeowner in a similar coastal environment, equipped with such rollers, enjoys years of smooth, quiet operation. The initial investment in durable materials translates directly into long-term cost savings and a vastly improved user experience. The choice of material dictates not only the operational lifespan of the rollers, but also the structural integrity of the entire screen system. A single point of failure, in the form of a degraded roller, can place undue stress on other components, leading to a cascade of problems.
In essence, the material durability of these seemingly insignificant components is not merely a technical specification; it is the cornerstone of a reliable and enduring garage screen system. Overlooking this fundamental aspect invites a cycle of repairs and replacements, while prioritizing durability ensures a seamless integration of functionality and longevity. The quiet glide of a well-maintained screen is a testament to the unseen resilience engineered into its constituent parts, a resilience that begins with the fundamental choice of materials.
2. Bearing Quality
The silent protagonists in the drama of a garage door screen are the bearings within the rollers. Their quality dictates not merely the smoothness of operation, but the longevity and ultimate success of the entire screen system. Consider the narrative of two identical garage screens installed side-by-side; their divergent fates hinging entirely on the unseen bearings.
-
Friction Reduction
Low-quality bearings introduce excessive friction, turning what should be a gentle glide into a strained, noisy struggle. The garage screen, intended to be a seamless transition between indoor and outdoor spaces, becomes a daily source of frustration. Imagine the homeowner forced to wrestle with a screen, the grating sound a constant reminder of substandard components.
-
Load Distribution
The weight of the screen mesh and frame places a constant load on the rollers. Superior bearings distribute this load evenly, preventing localized stress that can lead to premature wear and tear. In contrast, inferior bearings concentrate the force, causing flat spots and eventual failure, turning the smooth track into a treacherous obstacle course.
-
Material Integrity
High-grade bearings are often crafted from hardened steel or precision-engineered polymers, capable of withstanding continuous use and environmental exposure. The alternative bearings made from cheaper, softer metals quickly deform, leading to misalignment and increased friction. The seemingly small difference in material translates to years of reliable service versus months of escalating problems.
-
Environmental Resilience
Garage environments are rarely pristine. Dust, debris, and moisture infiltrate the bearings, accelerating wear if they are not properly sealed or corrosion-resistant. Quality bearings incorporate seals and protective coatings to ward off these contaminants, ensuring consistent performance even in harsh conditions. Without such protection, the bearings become grinding stones, slowly eroding the system from within.
The tale of these two garage screens underscores a crucial point: the bearing quality is not a mere detail, but a fundamental determinant of the system’s success. Choosing rollers with superior bearings is an investment in quiet, effortless operation, and a shield against the relentless forces of friction, load, and environmental degradation. The smooth glide of the screen is a direct reflection of the unseen excellence within its bearings, a testament to the power of quality engineering.
3. Roller Diameter
The relationship between roller diameter and garage door screen performance is a study in subtle mechanics. Picture two seemingly identical screen systems installed on neighboring homes. One, equipped with rollers of a meticulously calculated diameter, glides effortlessly along its track. The other, fitted with rollers marginally too small, suffers from a frustrating resistance, a subtle but persistent drag that undermines its intended convenience. The variance, though seemingly minor, underscores a critical design consideration.
The diameter directly influences the contact area between the roller and the track. A larger diameter spreads the screen’s weight over a greater surface, reducing pressure and friction. Conversely, a smaller diameter concentrates the load, leading to increased wear on both the roller and the track. Consider the practical implications: a larger roller, within dimensional constraints, ensures smoother operation and extends the lifespan of the system. The precise diameter must also align with the track’s geometry. Too large, and the roller binds, incapable of movement; too small, and the roller wobbles, creating uneven tension on the screen and predisposing it to derailment. This delicate balance is often overlooked, yet it dictates the user experience.
In essence, roller diameter is not merely a measurement; it’s a critical parameter in the overall engineering of a functional garage screen system. Selecting the appropriate diameter ensures smooth operation, minimizes wear, and maximizes the system’s lifespan. Ignoring this factor introduces unnecessary stress and compromises the intended benefits, leading to a premature degradation of the system and increased maintenance demands. The seemingly small detail of roller diameter wields disproportionate influence over the long-term performance and reliability of the screen.
4. Track Compatibility
The tale of garage door screens often unfolds as a cautionary narrative when the critical element of track compatibility is disregarded. Picture a homeowner, eager to transform the garage into a breezy, insect-free haven, investing in a state-of-the-art screen system. The rollers, gleaming and new, are installed with care, yet the promised seamless operation remains elusive. The screen binds, stutters, and stubbornly resists movement. The cause? A fundamental mismatch between the rollers and the existing track.
This scenario illustrates a simple yet profound truth: rollers and tracks must be designed to function in harmony. The track, with its specific dimensions and contours, dictates the type and size of rollers that can operate effectively. A roller too wide will jam, while one too narrow will wobble and eventually derail. The consequences extend beyond mere inconvenience. Forced operation can damage both the rollers and the track, leading to costly repairs and a drastically shortened lifespan for the entire system. Consider the example of a homeowner who, in an attempt to remedy the incompatibility, applies lubricant liberally. This temporary fix only masks the underlying problem, attracting dirt and debris that further impede movement and accelerate wear. The screen, once envisioned as a source of enjoyment, becomes a source of frustration and expense.
Ultimately, the success of a garage door screen hinges on meticulous attention to detail, with track compatibility serving as a foundational principle. Understanding the precise specifications of both the rollers and the track is paramount. A proper fit ensures smooth, reliable operation, minimizes wear and tear, and safeguards the investment. The failure to acknowledge this fundamental requirement transforms the dream of an open, airy garage into a recurring nightmare of malfunctions and repairs.
5. Load Capacity
The functional life of a garage door screen system often plays out as a silent test of engineering resilience. The ability of its rollers to bear the weight of the screen its load capacity is a pivotal, yet often overlooked, determinant of its longevity and performance.
-
Mesh Weight Influence
The density of the screen mesh is a primary contributor to the overall load. High-density meshes, designed to withstand strong winds or deter persistent pests, inherently weigh more. Rollers with inadequate load capacity will exhibit premature wear, leading to friction, noise, and eventual failure. A homeowner choosing a heavy-duty mesh must correspondingly select rollers engineered to support that additional weight.
-
Frame Material Impact
The material used for the screen frame, whether aluminum, steel, or wood, significantly affects the total load. Robust frames, while offering superior durability, impose a greater burden on the rollers. Systems utilizing heavy frames necessitate rollers with a higher load rating to ensure smooth operation and prevent deformation or breakage.
-
Environmental Stressors
Environmental factors like wind and snow add dynamic stress to the screen system. High winds exert considerable force on the screen, increasing the load borne by the rollers. Similarly, accumulated snow can add significant weight, particularly in regions prone to heavy snowfall. Rollers must possess sufficient load capacity to withstand these intermittent forces without compromising their structural integrity.
-
Roller Material Selection
The material composition of the rollers themselves directly impacts their load-bearing capabilities. Rollers constructed from high-density polymers or reinforced nylon offer superior load capacity compared to those made from standard plastics. Investing in rollers crafted from robust materials translates directly into increased system reliability and extended operational lifespan.
In essence, the load capacity of the rollers is not merely a technical specification; it is a critical determinant of the screen system’s ability to withstand the combined forces of gravity, material weight, and environmental stress. Selecting rollers with an appropriate load rating is a crucial step in ensuring long-term performance and preventing costly failures. The smooth, reliable operation of a garage door screen system hinges on the unseen resilience engineered into its constituent components, a resilience that begins with the fundamental consideration of load capacity.
6. Environmental Resistance
The narrative of garage door screens is often one of quiet endurance against a barrage of environmental adversaries. Sun, rain, wind, and temperature fluctuations wage a relentless war, and the screen’s very survival hinges on the environmental resistance of its rollers. Consider a coastal town where salt-laden air permeates every surface. Ordinary rollers, constructed of standard metal, would succumb within months, corroding and seizing, rendering the screen immobile. The homeowner, initially envisioning a breezy, open garage, instead faces a frustrating battle against the elements, a battle lost due to a seemingly minor oversight.
Conversely, imagine a mountain cabin where winter brings heavy snow and sub-zero temperatures. Rollers lacking cold-weather resilience would become brittle and crack, their bearings frozen solid. The screen, intended as a barrier against insects and debris, becomes a useless ornament, its functionality crippled by the unforgiving climate. These scenarios highlight the critical importance of selecting rollers engineered to withstand specific environmental challenges. Rollers made of UV-resistant polymers defy the sun’s degrading rays, maintaining their integrity and ensuring smooth operation for years. Stainless steel bearings, sealed against moisture and debris, shrug off corrosion and provide consistent performance even in the harshest conditions. The choice of materials is not merely a matter of aesthetics; it is a strategic decision that dictates the screen’s ability to withstand the test of time and environment.
The tale of garage door screen rollers is ultimately a story of resilience, of the ability to endure against the odds. Environmental resistance is the armor that protects these essential components, ensuring that the screen remains a functional and reliable extension of the home, regardless of the challenges posed by the surrounding environment. Prioritizing environmental resistance is not simply a wise investment; it is a necessary safeguard against the inevitable forces of nature, a guarantee of long-term performance and peace of mind.
7. Smooth Rotation
The pursuit of effortless operation in retractable garage screens converges on a single, critical point: the unimpeded rotation of the rollers. This seemingly simple attribute is the linchpin of the entire system, influencing its longevity, ease of use, and overall performance. The slightest impediment to this rotation can set off a cascade of problems, transforming a seamless experience into a frustrating ordeal.
-
Bearing Precision and Frictionless Movement
The heart of smooth rotation lies within the roller’s bearings. Precision-engineered bearings minimize friction, allowing the roller to glide effortlessly along the track. Conversely, substandard bearings introduce resistance, requiring increased force to move the screen and accelerating wear on both the rollers and the track. Imagine a screen, designed to be opened with a gentle tug, requiring a Herculean effort due to corroded or poorly lubricated bearings. The frustration is palpable, and the long-term consequences are inevitable.
-
Roller Surface Uniformity
The surface of the roller itself plays a crucial role in smooth rotation. Imperfections, such as flat spots or uneven wear, create points of increased friction, disrupting the smooth glide. A roller with a perfectly uniform surface distributes the load evenly, minimizing resistance and ensuring consistent performance. Consider a roller that has developed a flat spot due to prolonged exposure to sunlight; each rotation brings a jarring bump as the flat spot encounters the track, a constant reminder of the compromised component.
-
Track Alignment and Obstruction-Free Path
Smooth rotation is predicated on a perfectly aligned track, free from obstructions. Misaligned tracks create points of binding, forcing the roller to navigate an uneven path. Debris, such as dirt, leaves, or small pebbles, can also impede rotation, acting as miniature speed bumps along the track. Envision a track that has become slightly bent due to impact; the rollers must now navigate a series of subtle inclines and declines, disrupting the smooth, continuous motion and placing undue stress on the entire system.
-
Material Compatibility and Reduced Wear
The materials used in both the rollers and the track must be compatible to ensure smooth rotation and minimize wear. Rollers made of materials that are too abrasive can damage the track, while rollers made of materials that are too soft can deform under load. A carefully selected combination of materials minimizes friction, extends the lifespan of both components, and ensures consistent, reliable performance. Consider a system where the rollers are made of a hard plastic and the track is made of a softer metal; over time, the rollers will gradually wear away the metal, creating a rough, uneven surface that impedes rotation.
These facets, inextricably linked, underscore the critical importance of smooth rotation in the overall functionality of garage door screen rollers. The cumulative effect of precise bearings, uniform surfaces, aligned tracks, and compatible materials results in a system that operates effortlessly and reliably. Conversely, neglecting these factors leads to increased friction, premature wear, and a compromised user experience, transforming the intended convenience of the garage screen into a daily source of frustration.
8. Longevity
The enduring functionality of a garage door screen system hinges critically upon the lifespan of its constituent parts, chief among them the rollers. These humble components, often overlooked, dictate whether the screen offers years of seamless operation or succumbs prematurely to the ravages of time and use.
-
Material Selection as a Foundation
The choice of materials for the rollers lays the groundwork for their long-term performance. Consider two seemingly identical screen systems: one equipped with rollers crafted from UV-resistant polymer, the other from standard plastic. Years pass. The former continues to glide smoothly, unfazed by the relentless sun. The latter, however, has become brittle and prone to cracking, its once-smooth surface now marred by imperfections that impede its movement. The initial cost savings of the cheaper material prove to be a false economy, as the homeowner is forced to replace the rollers far sooner than anticipated. The material’s intrinsic resistance to degradation is not merely a technical specification; it’s a pledge of long-term value.
-
Bearing Quality and Wear Resistance
Within each roller reside the bearings, tiny mechanisms that facilitate smooth rotation and bear the weight of the screen. Their quality dictates how well the rollers withstand the constant friction and pressure of daily use. Picture a screen whose rollers are fitted with high-precision, sealed bearings. These bearings remain shielded from dust and moisture, ensuring consistent performance for years. Contrast this with a screen whose rollers contain cheaper, unsealed bearings. Over time, these bearings become clogged with debris, leading to increased friction, noise, and eventual seizure. The subtle difference in bearing quality translates to a vast disparity in operational lifespan, highlighting the crucial role of precision engineering in achieving longevity.
-
Track Compatibility and Stress Reduction
The harmonious interaction between the rollers and the track is paramount to minimizing stress and extending the system’s lifespan. A roller that fits snugly and smoothly within the track distributes the screen’s weight evenly, reducing localized pressure and preventing premature wear. Conversely, a roller that is too wide or too narrow creates points of friction and instability, placing undue stress on both the roller and the track. Imagine a roller that is slightly too large for the track, forcing it to grind against the edges with each movement. This constant friction not only wears down the roller but also damages the track, leading to a gradual degradation of the entire system. Proper fit is not merely a matter of aesthetics; it’s a prerequisite for long-term reliability.
-
Maintenance Practices and Operational Lifespan
Even the most robust rollers require occasional maintenance to ensure optimal performance and longevity. Regular cleaning to remove dirt and debris, along with periodic lubrication, can significantly extend their lifespan. Consider a homeowner who diligently inspects and maintains their screen system, cleaning the rollers and track regularly and applying a light lubricant to the bearings. This proactive approach prevents the accumulation of grime that can impede rotation and accelerate wear. In contrast, a homeowner who neglects maintenance allows the rollers to operate under increasingly stressful conditions, ultimately shortening their lifespan. Simple, consistent maintenance practices are not merely optional; they are essential for maximizing the investment and ensuring years of trouble-free operation.
These elements, acting in concert, illustrate that the longevity of garage door screen rollers is not a matter of chance but a result of careful design, material selection, and diligent maintenance. The seemingly insignificant roller, when properly engineered and cared for, becomes a testament to the enduring power of quality and attention to detail, ensuring that the garage screen remains a functional and aesthetically pleasing addition to the home for years to come.
9. Wheel Composition
The whisper of a garage door screen gliding smoothly, effortlessly, is a deception. Behind that ease lies a silent struggle, a constant test of materials, and at the heart of it, the wheel composition of the rollers. Not every roller is created equal. A wheel crafted from inferior materials starts its decline from day one. Imagine a homeowner, lured by a lower price, opting for rollers with cheap plastic wheels. Under the summer sun, the plastic softens, deforms. The once-perfect circle becomes an ellipse, then a flat spot. The screen no longer glides; it hitches, groans, a daily reminder of a compromised choice. This isn’t just about inconvenience. The compromised wheel stresses the track, the frame, a domino effect of escalating issues.
Now consider the alternative: a wheel meticulously engineered from high-density nylon, reinforced with internal fibers. It resists deformation, shrugs off temperature extremes. The screen moves like a phantom, silent, reliable. A coastal resident, battling salty air and relentless humidity, depends on this reliability. The nylon wheel resists corrosion, maintains its integrity, ensuring the screen protects the garage from insects, not just for a season, but for years. The difference is stark. One is a fleeting satisfaction, the other, a long-term investment in quality and peace of mind. The wheel composition isn’t a mere detail; it’s the foundation upon which the entire system’s performance rests.
The lesson here is subtle but potent: scrutiny of the seemingly insignificant yields outsized rewards. Understanding the wheel composition of garage door screen rollers transcends mere technical knowledge; it empowers informed decisions, mitigates future frustrations, and ultimately, transforms a simple screen into a reliable guardian against the elements and unwanted intrusions. Overlook this detail, and the whisper of effortless motion transforms into a chorus of complaints, a testament to the enduring power of material choices.
Frequently Asked Questions About Garage Door Screen Rollers
The operational success of garage door screens often boils down to the performance of components frequently overlooked: the rollers. A comprehensive understanding of these elements proves invaluable for ensuring optimal functionality and longevity. This section addresses common inquiries, providing clarity and dispelling misconceptions surrounding their usage and maintenance.
Question 1: What constitutes the primary cause of failure in garage door screen rollers?
The tale of failed screen rollers often begins with neglect. Imagine a homeowner, blissfully unaware, as dust and debris accumulate within the roller bearings, slowly grinding away at their integrity. Add to this the relentless assault of weather moisture corroding metal components, sunlight baking plastic into brittleness. In time, the once-smooth rollers seize, halting the screen’s movement, a stark reminder that even the sturdiest components require routine maintenance to combat the inevitable forces of wear and tear.
Question 2: Are all garage door screen rollers universally compatible across different screen systems?
The notion of universal compatibility is a mirage. Each screen system, a meticulously engineered ensemble, demands components tailored to its specific design. Picture a novice attempting to install rollers designed for a heavy-duty industrial screen onto a lightweight residential system. The result? A mismatch in size and load capacity, leading to instability, friction, and eventual failure. Compatibility, therefore, necessitates meticulous attention to specifications, ensuring each roller is perfectly suited to its designated track and load requirements.
Question 3: How frequently should garage door screen rollers undergo replacement?
A predetermined replacement schedule proves elusive. The lifespan of screen rollers hinges on a confluence of factors: the quality of materials, the intensity of usage, and the diligence of maintenance. Envision two identical screens, one subjected to daily use in a bustling household, the other rarely employed in a vacation home. The former will undoubtedly require more frequent roller replacements. Regular inspection, noting signs of wear cracking, binding, or excessive noise serves as the most reliable indicator of when replacement becomes necessary.
Question 4: What materials demonstrate superior performance in garage door screen roller construction?
The quest for the ideal material often leads to a duel between competing virtues: durability, weather resistance, and smooth operation. High-density polymers, often infused with nylon, emerge as champions, offering a compelling blend of strength and resilience. They withstand the rigors of daily use, resist the corrosive effects of moisture and sunlight, and glide effortlessly along the track. Metal rollers, while possessing inherent strength, often succumb to rust and corrosion, diminishing their long-term viability in outdoor environments.
Question 5: Can lubrication effectively mitigate issues with garage door screen rollers?
Lubrication, a tool of both promise and peril, can indeed alleviate certain roller ailments, but its application demands prudence. A judicious application of silicone-based lubricant can restore smooth operation to rollers plagued by minor friction or stiffness. However, over-lubrication invites disaster, attracting dust and debris that transform the lubricant into an abrasive paste, accelerating wear. The key lies in moderation and selecting a lubricant compatible with the roller material, avoiding petroleum-based products that can degrade plastic components.
Question 6: What audible cues signal potential problems with garage door screen rollers?
The symphony of a properly functioning garage door screen is one of near silence. Departures from this tranquility often serve as harbingers of underlying issues. Squealing, grinding, or rattling sounds emanating from the rollers warrant immediate investigation. These auditory warnings often indicate worn bearings, misaligned tracks, or the presence of debris. Ignoring these sonic alerts can lead to escalating problems, transforming a minor inconvenience into a costly repair.
In summary, the longevity and smooth operation of garage door screen systems are inextricably linked to the health and maintenance of their rollers. Addressing these frequently asked questions underscores the importance of informed selection, proactive maintenance, and timely intervention in ensuring optimal performance.
The following section will address troubleshooting techniques to address common screen roller malfunctions.
Mastering Garage Door Screen Roller Longevity
The relentless grind of daily use chips away at even the most robust garage door screen system. Yet, knowledge and diligence can significantly extend its lifespan, particularly concerning those unsung heroes: the screen rollers. Heed these lessons gleaned from seasoned professionals, and witness the transformation of a potential headache into a point of quiet satisfaction.
Tip 1: Material Matters: Choose Wisely. The pursuit of savings often leads to a short-sighted compromise. Cheap plastics buckle under the summer sun, corrode in coastal air. High-density polymers or stainless steel offer enduring resistance, justifying their initial cost. View this decision as an investment in years of smooth operation, not a mere purchase.
Tip 2: The Sound of Silence: Listen Closely. A healthy garage door screen whispers; a troubled one groans. Squeals, rattles, or grinding noises signify friction, misalignment, or worn components. Investigate immediately. Early intervention prevents minor issues from spiraling into costly replacements. Consider it preventative medicine for the entire system.
Tip 3: Cleanliness is King: Embrace the Rag. Dirt and debris act as silent saboteurs, infiltrating bearings and accelerating wear. Regular cleaning, a simple wipe-down with a damp cloth, removes these abrasive particles. This act of maintenance, often overlooked, is akin to lubricating the gears of time, slowing its relentless march.
Tip 4: Lubrication Judiciously Applied: A Delicate Art. Lubrication is not a cure-all, but a carefully administered remedy. Silicone-based lubricants, applied sparingly, can restore smooth motion to stiff rollers. Over-lubrication, however, attracts more dirt, compounding the problem. Exercise restraint, and choose the right lubricant for the specific roller material, respecting its unique properties.
Tip 5: Track Alignment: The Foundation of Harmony. Misaligned tracks force rollers to strain and bind, accelerating wear and compromising performance. Periodically inspect the track for bends, obstructions, or loose fasteners. Correct any deviations promptly to ensure a smooth, frictionless path for the rollers.
Tip 6: Load Capacity Awareness: Know Your Limits. Overloading rollers beyond their designed capacity invites premature failure. Consider the weight of the screen mesh, the frame material, and potential environmental stressors like wind or snow. Select rollers with a sufficient load rating to withstand these combined forces, ensuring long-term reliability.
Tip 7: Seasonal Check-Ups: A Proactive Approach. Weather inflicts its toll, particularly during transitions between seasons. Conduct a thorough inspection of the rollers before the onset of winter and again in the spring. Address any signs of wear or damage promptly, preparing the system for the challenges ahead.
These tips, born from years of experience, offer a pathway to maximizing the lifespan of garage door screen rollers. Diligence and informed choices transform a potential source of frustration into a testament to foresight and skillful maintenance.
The journey towards optimizing garage door screen performance culminates with proactive maintenance, a practice that extends beyond mere repair. A well-maintained system isn’t just functional; it is a reflection of enduring quality and attention to detail.
The Unsung Guardians
The preceding exploration has illuminated the critical role garage door screen rollers play in ensuring seamless operation and longevity. From material selection to diligent maintenance, the narrative underscores that these seemingly insignificant components are, in reality, pivotal to the system’s success. Their resilience against environmental stressors, their smooth rotation along the track, and their ability to bear the load define the user experience. The quiet whisper of a smoothly operating screen is a testament to their unseen dedication.
The tale of garage door screen systems often mirrors life: the quality of the foundation dictates the strength of the whole. Neglecting these silent guardians invites disruption and premature failure. Therefore, understand their importance, choose wisely, maintain diligently, and ensure that the journey of your garage door screen system is one of enduring functionality and quiet, reliable service. The reward is a barrier against the elements and insects, a gateway to fresh air, and a lasting testament to informed choices.
