This geophysical technique assesses the integrity and quality of concrete or soil structures by transmitting acoustic waves between boreholes. Sonic waves are emitted from a source in one borehole, and sensors in adjacent boreholes record their arrival times and amplitudes. Anomalies such as voids, cracks, or weak zones within the material cause variations in these recorded signals.
The methodology is crucial for ensuring the structural soundness of deep foundations, dams, and retaining walls. By identifying potential defects early, costly repairs and catastrophic failures can be prevented. Historically, this process has been employed extensively in the construction and maintenance of critical infrastructure projects worldwide to verify design parameters and construction quality.
